Deep varicose veins are a very unpleasant and rather dangerous lesion of the venous vessels of the circulatory system.
Deep vein varicose veins of the lower extremities are a disease that spreads to vessels passing through the muscle structures of the legs. The lengthening and expansion of the venous vessels significantly impairs blood circulation and becomes the cause of the onset and progression of thrombosis.
The danger of this disease lies in the emergence of a high probability of detachment of a thrombus formed on the vascular wall and its transport to the pulmonary artery.
When this disease occurs, an irreversible process of lengthening and expansion of the venous vessels occurs. With the progression of the process, thinning of the venous wall is observed and the formation of nodes that impede the free transport of blood through the vessels occurs.
People aged 30 to 40 and over are most often susceptible to this disease.
The causes of the onset and development of the disease can be various unfavorable factors. Varicose veins are the result of a serious disruption of blood flow to a specific area of the lower limbs.
With the development of the disease in the patient, trophic ulcers may appear in place of disruption of blood circulation processes, which can provoke the appearance of gangrene - a condition that requires amputation of theaffected part of the limb.
In addition, VRV can cause deformation of the muscles of the lower extremities, and the formation of a thrombus with its possible subsequent separation and transport to the pulmonary artery can lead to death.
The main factors contributing to the onset and progression of the disorder are as follows:
In addition, the causes of the disease can be:
In addition, cellulite can become the cause of the development of pathology.
Timely detection of the disease allows a visit to a qualified phlebolg at the first suspicion of disease onset.
Most often, at the initial stage of progression, the disease is manifested by the appearance of a slight feeling of fatigue in the legs after a prolonged static load or after a long walk. In addition, during this period, a small swelling of the tissues of the limbs appears.
The most common symptoms of the disorder appear at the end of daylight hours and gradually disappear with a long rest. When these signs appear, it is necessary to consult a phlebologist and conduct special studies in order to identify and clarify the presence of pathology.
The use of laboratory and instrumental diagnostic methods allows us to identify the degree of development of the disease and make a decision on the use of timely and adequate treatment of the disease. As the disease continues to progress, it enters more advanced stages, characterized by the appearance of a whole spectrum of symptoms and signs characteristic of progressive disease.
For advanced stages of the pathology, the following symptoms are characteristic:
The continued progression of the disease leads to the appearance of small sores which cannot heal for a long time and then develop into trophic ulcers.
Without adequate and timely treatment, the development of the disease for the patient can be fatal. The progression of varicose veins leads to a gradual deformation of muscle structures and the appearance of negative changes in the skin and bone mass.
With prolonged progression, the patient develops signs of eczema and forms trophic ulcers which may develop into gangrene. Which leads to sepsis or death.
The process of thrombus formation develops in the venous vessels affected by varicose veins. As a result of this process, the formed thrombus is able to rupture and be transported through the circulatory system.
When a blood clot enters the pulmonary artery, it becomes blocked and a person dies.
An experienced phlebologist can determine the presence of varicose veins of the lower extremities by characteristic symptoms that are clearly visible even in the photo of the legs, but the methods of treating the disease are selected individually after a detailed examination of the patient and intaking into account all the individual characteristics of his body.
Laboratory and instrumental diagnostic methods are used to identify the presence and stage of development of the disease. Laboratory methods include a general analysis of blood and urine.
The most common method of instrumental diagnosis is the use of ultrasound examination of the venous vessels of the legs. This technique allows you to visualize the vascular system and identify the degree of progression of the pathological process.
In addition, if necessary, the attending physician prescribes the following:
The use of venous occlusive plethysmography can reveal the volume of blood in the veins of the lower extremities.
It is only after a complete examination and the results are obtained that the patient receives appropriate treatment.
Modern medicine offers several options for the treatment of disease - drug, non-drug and surgical.
In parallel, after consulting the attending physician, you can use non-traditional and alternative treatment methods at home.
Surgery is the most reliable way to treat the disease. The use of drug therapy in the form of tablets, special ointments and gels for external use can play a complementary role and, in fact, is supportive therapy.
The use of pharmacotherapy involves the use of several types of drugs during treatment - anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, venotonic and fibrinolytic action
Anticoagulants thin the blood and prevent blood clots. Anti-inflammatory drugs contribute to the relief of inflammatory processes in the walls of venous vessels. Venotonics help to increase the tone of the venous walls, and fibrinolytics help dissolve small clots and help cleanse the venous bed.
Thanks to the use of drugs, the disappearance of a manifestation of the disease such as edema, in addition to this, an improvement in the condition of the superficial skin is observed. The main condition for the use of drugs is strict compliance with the recommendations of the doctor and compliance with the dosages of the drugs taken.
For complete healing of varicose veins, it is recommended to perform surgery.
In addition, surgical methods are used in the absence of positive dynamics during drug therapy.
The most common methods of surgical treatment of pathology are:
Sclerotherapy involves the use of special substances during the procedure - sclerosants, injected into the lumen of the affected vein and leading to adhesion of the vascular walls. This procedure allows you to remove the venous vessel from the circulatory system, which prevents the development of pathology. This technique is very rarely used in the case of a serious form of violation.
Phlebectomy involves removing the affected area of the venous vessel. Most often, this method is used to identify lesions of the superficial veins, but in some cases it is applicable in the treatment of deep venous vessels of the extremities.
Laser coagulation is a type of minimally invasive surgery and is performed with the help of a laser, it removes the affected area of the vein from the circulatory system by sticking its walls under the actionlaser radiation. This method of treatment received the most positive reviews from patients, because it is practically painless and does not require a long recovery period.
The use of surgical methods of treatment allows you to completely get rid of the characteristic symptoms of varicose veins. And the choice of operative technique depends on the degree of development of the pathology, the individual characteristics of the patient and is carried out by the attending physician.